Biological Markers of Dementia
Dementia brings about a host of biological symptoms, all stemming from the gradual decline and damage to brain cells and connections. These symptoms can vary depending on the type and stage of dementia, but they generally include
Memory Loss
- You might notice difficulty remembering recent events or important details.
- Forgetting names, dates, or even how to perform familiar tasks becomes more common.
Cognitive Decline
- Reasoning and judgment skills start to falter.
- Problem-solving becomes more challenging, and confusion creeps in even in familiar situations.
Language Problems
- Finding the right words becomes a struggle.
- Understanding conversations or written text might become increasingly difficult.
- Getting lost, even in familiar places, can happen more frequently.
- Losing track of time or dates becomes a regular occurrence.
Impaired Motor Function
- Coordination and balance become harder to maintain.
- Tasks that require precise movements, like buttoning a shirt or using utensils, become more challenging.
Behavioral Changes
- Mood swings, agitation, or aggression might become more common.
- Social withdrawal or apathy could also manifest.
Psychiatric Symptoms
- Depression, anxiety, or paranoia might develop.
- In some cases, hallucinations or delusions can occur.
Sleep Disturbances
- Sleep patterns become disrupted, with difficulty falling or staying asleep.
- Daytime drowsiness or fatigue might become more prevalent.
Loss of Executive Function
- Planning and organizing tasks become increasingly difficult.
- Decision-making becomes impaired, and multitasking becomes nearly impossible.
Changes in Appetite and Weight
- Appetite might decrease, leading to weight loss.
- Conversely, weight gain might occur due to changes in eating habits.
These biological symptoms of dementia are the result of complex changes in the brain, including the accumulation of abnormal proteins and the loss of nerve cells and connections. As dementia progresses, these symptoms tend to worsen, impacting daily functioning and ultimately requiring more support and care.
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