Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) is a mental health condition that can develop shortly after an individual experiences or witnesses a traumatic event. This could include exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation. ASD serves as a precursor to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) but is distinguished by its shorter duration and immediate onset.
Symptoms of ASD
The symptoms of ASD typically occur within a month of the traumatic event and last from three days up to one month. If symptoms persist beyond this period, the diagnosis may evolve into PTSD. The symptoms of ASD include:
Intrusive Symptoms
- Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event.
- Flashbacks or reliving the traumatic event, which may occur on a continuum from brief episodes to complete loss of awareness of present surroundings.
- Recurrent distressing dreams related to the event.
- Intense or prolonged psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues
Negative Mood
- Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (e.g., inability to experience happiness, satisfaction, or loving feelings).
Dissociative Symptoms
- An altered sense of the reality of one’s surroundings or oneself (e.g., feeling as though one is in a dream).
- Inability to remember an important aspect of the traumatic event (typically due to dissociative amnesia).
Avoidance Symptoms
- Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or closely associated with the traumatic event.
- Efforts to avoid external reminders (people, places, conversations, activities, objects) that brings distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings associated with the traumatic event.
Arousal Symptoms
- Sleep disturbances (difficulty falling or staying asleep, restless sleep).
- Irritable behavior and angry outbursts typically expressed as verbal or physical aggression toward people or objects.
- Hypervigilance.
- Problems with concentration.
- Exaggerated startle response.
Forms of ASD
ASD is generally considered a singular diagnosis without distinct subtypes, but individual experiences can vary significantly based on the nature of the trauma, personal history, and available support systems.
Treatment of ASD
Early intervention is crucial in treating ASD to prevent the development of PTSD. Treatments include:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- CBT is effective for ASD, particularly techniques that focus on exposure to the trauma memory and modification of unhelpful trauma-related thoughts.
Medication
- While not always necessary, short-term use of medications may be appropriate in some cases. Anti-anxiety medications can help control severe anxiety and panic attacks, while antidepressants might be prescribed to handle symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Psychological First Aid
- Immediate, compassionate support can be crucial. This involves offering a sense of safety, calming, and help to manage distress, fostering a sense of hope and initiating access to social, physical, and emotional support.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
- This is another effective therapeutic approach that has been used for ASD. It involves the patient focusing on trauma-related imagery, negative thoughts, emotions, and body sensations while simultaneously focusing on an external stimulus, typically side-to-side eye movements.
- Support groups or therapy groups that focus on trauma may also be beneficial. These settings provide a space to share experiences and coping strategies and reduce feelings of isolation.
It’s important for those experiencing symptoms of ASD to seek help from a healthcare provider specializing in trauma to evaluate and initiate appropriate treatment promptly.
At MANOURJA, we believe in the transformative power of counseling. Our experienced therapists offer a safe and supportive space where you can explore your thoughts, emotions, and challenges. Through personalized counselling sessions, we’ll work together to develop coping strategies, build resilience, and achieve lasting positive change. Discover the path to a healthier, happier you with MANOURJA counselling services.
MANOURJA Rehabilitation Services
At MANOURJA, we’re dedicated to helping you in rebuild your life, after difficult times. Our rehabilitation services focus on understanding what you need to move forward, whether you’re recovering from addiction, trauma, or any psychological – social challenges. We create personalized plans, that are all about helping you, regain your strength and find hope again. With a caring team by your side, you’ll have the support to make real progress and take steps toward a brighter, healthier future.