Psychological Symptoms of Delirium
The psychological symptoms of delirium encompass a range of cognitive disturbances and alterations in mental function. These symptoms can vary in severity and may include:
- Confusion: Individuals with delirium often experience confusion and disorientation. They may have difficulty understanding their surroundings, recognizing familiar people, or recalling recent events.
- Disorganized Thinking: Delirium can lead to fragmented or disjointed thinking patterns. The affected individual may have trouble following conversations, maintaining logical reasoning, or expressing themselves coherently.
- Impaired Attention: A hallmark feature of delirium is impaired attention and concentration. Individuals may struggle to focus on tasks or conversations, frequently becoming easily distracted or unable to sustain attention for prolonged periods.
- Memory Impairment: Delirium can cause memory disturbances, particularly in terms of short-term memory. Individuals may have difficulty forming new memories or recalling recent events, leading to gaps in their recollection of recent experiences.
- Hallucinations: Some individuals with delirium may experience sensory hallucinations, perceiving sights, sounds, or sensations that are not actually present. These hallucinations can contribute to the individual’s confusion and distress.
- Delusions: Delusions, which are false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary, can also occur in delirium. These delusions may be paranoid in nature (e.g., believing that others are plotting against them) or related to identity (e.g., believing they are someone else).
- Agitation and Restlessness: Hyperactive delirium often involves increased psychomotor activity, including agitation, restlessness, and purposeless movements. Individuals may pace, fidget, or exhibit other agitated behaviors.
- Apathy and Withdrawal: In hypoactive delirium, individuals may display reduced psychomotor activity and responsiveness. They may appear lethargic, withdrawn, and uninterested in their surroundings.
These psychological symptoms of delirium can fluctuate in intensity throughout the course of the condition and are typically more pronounced during periods of heightened arousal or agitation. It’s important to recognize these symptoms promptly and seek medical evaluation and intervention, as delirium can indicate underlying medical issues that require attention.
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